Hamlet Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Comedy lightens the mood, progresses the plot, and provides a necessary reprieve from the suspense of the play. Comedic relief commands a vital role in the William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet. In order to maintain the audience’s interest, an author inserts puns and other comedic vices to enhance their work. Shakespeare constantly introduces characters to allay the strain on the audience from past events in the plot. This comedic relief usually contains a hidden meaning or message that augments the plot. In the play Hamlet Osric, Polonius, and the Gravedigger are used as these conduits of humor. The character Osric relieves much of the tension built from the proceeding acts. His interjection in this tragedy culminates with Hamlet and Laertes’ fighting sequences. Hamlet manipulates this character by exploiting his obedience to royalty when he states, â€Å"Put your bonnet to his right use, ‘tis for the head† (V.ii.101). Osric replies, â€Å"I thank your lordship, it is very hot† (V.ii.102). Hamlet then responds â€Å"No, believe me, ‘tis very cold; the wind is north- / erly† (V.ii.103). Hamlet persists with this ruse, constantly pressuring Osric to remove and replace his hat. This scene mitigates the stress from the graveyard scuffle and leads into Hamlet and Laertes’ duel. Shakespeare further uses Osric to express his personal opinion on the class structure of the present society. William Shakespeare criticizes the new wealthy merchant class, prevalent in the Elizabethan era, through Hamlet and Osric’s dialogue. Hamlet ridicules Osric and his social standing in an aside to Horatio, â€Å"Let a beast be lord of beasts, and his crib shall / Stand at the King’s men† (V.ii.95-96). Hamlet implies that any fool with money can gain entran... ...nteractions with the Gravedigger. Although this character has a relatively small role, he has an enormous impact on the course of the play. Comedic relief plays a vital role in any tragedy or suspenseful play: It serves as a stark contrast to the harsh reality being presented throughout the story. In the tragedy Hamlet by William Shakespeare, comedy is utilized to distract the audience from the dramatic course of events. The theatrical plot also progresses with the comedic relief inserted in the play. Shakespeare brilliantly develops his characters in a comedic way that continues the plot and eases his spectators. If writers chose not to offset tragedy with comedy, the story would simply be too depressing to entertain the vast audiences. Therefore, it is fair to surmise that without comedic relief, Hamlet may not have been the iconic story it has become. Hamlet Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare Comedy lightens the mood, progresses the plot, and provides a necessary reprieve from the suspense of the play. Comedic relief commands a vital role in the William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet. In order to maintain the audience’s interest, an author inserts puns and other comedic vices to enhance their work. Shakespeare constantly introduces characters to allay the strain on the audience from past events in the plot. This comedic relief usually contains a hidden meaning or message that augments the plot. In the play Hamlet Osric, Polonius, and the Gravedigger are used as these conduits of humor. The character Osric relieves much of the tension built from the proceeding acts. His interjection in this tragedy culminates with Hamlet and Laertes’ fighting sequences. Hamlet manipulates this character by exploiting his obedience to royalty when he states, â€Å"Put your bonnet to his right use, ‘tis for the head† (V.ii.101). Osric replies, â€Å"I thank your lordship, it is very hot† (V.ii.102). Hamlet then responds â€Å"No, believe me, ‘tis very cold; the wind is north- / erly† (V.ii.103). Hamlet persists with this ruse, constantly pressuring Osric to remove and replace his hat. This scene mitigates the stress from the graveyard scuffle and leads into Hamlet and Laertes’ duel. Shakespeare further uses Osric to express his personal opinion on the class structure of the present society. William Shakespeare criticizes the new wealthy merchant class, prevalent in the Elizabethan era, through Hamlet and Osric’s dialogue. Hamlet ridicules Osric and his social standing in an aside to Horatio, â€Å"Let a beast be lord of beasts, and his crib shall / Stand at the King’s men† (V.ii.95-96). Hamlet implies that any fool with money can gain entran... ...nteractions with the Gravedigger. Although this character has a relatively small role, he has an enormous impact on the course of the play. Comedic relief plays a vital role in any tragedy or suspenseful play: It serves as a stark contrast to the harsh reality being presented throughout the story. In the tragedy Hamlet by William Shakespeare, comedy is utilized to distract the audience from the dramatic course of events. The theatrical plot also progresses with the comedic relief inserted in the play. Shakespeare brilliantly develops his characters in a comedic way that continues the plot and eases his spectators. If writers chose not to offset tragedy with comedy, the story would simply be too depressing to entertain the vast audiences. Therefore, it is fair to surmise that without comedic relief, Hamlet may not have been the iconic story it has become.

Pvr Cinemas Essay

INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, India has registered the fastest growth among major democracies and is now the fourth largest economy in terms of ‘‘purchasing power parity’’.Over the years, spending power has been steadily increasing in India. On an average, 30-40 million people are joining the middle class every year. The consumption spending is rising due to increasing disposable incomes on account of sustained growth in income levels and reduction in personal income tax over the last decade. The Indian Entertainment Industry is expected to significantly benefit from this fast economic growth, as this cyclically sensitive industry grows faster when the economy is expanding. When incomes rise, proportionately more resources get spent on leisure and entertainment than on necessities. Although over 90 years old, the Indian film industry was only accorded the status of an industry in 2000. Consequently, it is only during the last five years that the Indian film industry has been able to attract financing from banks, financial institutions, private equity investors and corporations. Prior to 2000, the industry was almost solely reliant on private and largely individual financing. Although corporatisation of the film industry has started, the film industry is currently largely unorganized and fragmented. Going to the cinema is one of the most popular entertainment options in India. PVR CINEMAS Priya Exhibitors (p) ltd is a part of the diversified Bijili Group, which has interests in transport, finance and construction sectors all over India. After a downturn in the industry in late 80s when the onslaught of video wars at its peak cinema has now been rejuvenated with the latest international trends in cinema exhibition reaching India’s shores swiftly with the arrival of satellite TV. The capitals cosmopolitan audience is becoming increasingly aware of the advanced cinematic technology that enhances the movie going experience and this has whetted their appetite for watching movies on the â€Å"big screen â€Å".To cater to the increasingly sophisticated tastes of the audience Priya exhibitor Pvt Ltd. totally refurbished the existing cinema in June 1991 including installation of a Dolby stereo sound system. They also gained exclusive rights to screen blockbusters from major distributors mainly Warner brothers, 20th century fox, united international pictures, small wo nder then that the cinema has become the focal point for entertainment in the capital for both the young and old attracting over 30,000 patrons a week. Infact, â€Å"Speed† set a national box office world record of Rs.785000 in its first week of screening at PVR (the highest ever for an English film), which is remarkable considering the relatively low price of a cinema ticket in India.Buoyed by the overwhelming success of the cinema after upgrading, Priya exhibitors ltd have taken he next initial step for setting up the first multiplex in the country in a joint venture with Village Roadshow Ltd, Australia’s entertainment corporation.PVR is a brand name synonymous with state-of-the-art cinema exhibition in India. PVR specializes in developing and operating state-of-the-art Multiplexes.PVR Cinemas are the leading cinemas in the country with an emphasis on design, technology and service. Over the last three years, PVR has established itself as a very strong brand associated with movies, quality exhibition and youth-targeted promotions.The company was conceived as a Joint Venture between the Bijli family,headed by Mr. Ajja y Bijli as Indian Promoters and Village Roadshow Limited of Australia, one of the largest multiplex operators in the world with more than 1500 screens under operation. PVR has been a pioneer in multiplex development by setting up India’s first multiplex PVR Anupam4 at Saket in city of Delhi. The company has since grown to become the largest cinema exhibition player in the country and has 5 theatres with 19 screens in city of Delhi/Gurgaon under its operation.The Cinema can boast of the highest box office collections in India for five consecutive years since its opening. Located around the Cinema in the same complex are a number of up-market restaurants, pubs and fast-food eateries that make it a popular youth hangout place and indeed an entertainment experience for the entire family.PVR Priya, a 25-year-old cinema still considered the best Cineplex in Delhi, was completely renovated and brought into the fold of PVR in January 2000. PVR Priya boasts of the highest box office collections in the city of Delhi after PVR Saket. It also has the distinction of having the widest screen in India. Following the tremendous success in South Delhi, PVR expanded to WestDelhi in 2001 with the launch of two new multiplexes — PVR Naraina, and PVR Vikaspuri. PVR Naraina, with four screens and 830 seats, was launched in August 2001. PVR Vikaspuri (3 screens, 921 seats) was launched in November 2001.PVR Group has re-opened one of Delhi’s oldest and most popular cinema hall, Plaza; now known as PVR Plaza. With a seating capacity 22 of 300 seats, the all new single screen auditorium has been renovated and refurbished to bring back its former glory. The cinema, unique in its nature, combines the look and feel of the 50s with the state-of-the-art cinema viewing technologies of today. The most recent addition to the chain is PVR EDM, this three-screen multiplex, located in the popular East Delhi Mall, is equipped with the stateof- the-art technology and is one of its’ kind in the vicinity.The three-screen multiplex has a total seating capacity of 723 seats. It is equipped with the latest THX-approved three-way surround sound system with real life sound effects and state-of-the-art projection facility with the latest Xenon-based technology. The stadium seating arrangement ensures unobstructed viewing from anywhere in the auditorium. STP OF PVR CINEMAS SEGMENTATION On the basis of customer preferences, we may classify PVR under the Clustered category. This is owing to the fact, that out of the entire masses they have clearly defined their target audience and aim to cater to them. Also, PVR is a Concentrated Market because they only cater to the premium movie-going audience i.e. SEC A and SEC B.PVR Cinemas has approx. 22 million movie goers per month Consumer Demographic Segmentation Age: 61% between 18 and 49 Gender: 47% Males / 53% Female Income: 61% have income over 50K Education: 55% of adult movie-going audience has attended/graduated college*. Of these adults, 37% have college degrees or higher Consumer Psychographic Segmentation PVR Movie Goers are people with high resources and can be classified as â€Å"Experiencers† who seek variety and entertainment. Spend a comparatively high proportion of income on fashion, entertainment, and socializing. â€Å"PVR Movie Buffs† generally have the following major tendencies:- -Go outside the home for entertainment -Participate in sports and other active lifestyles -Hard to reach through other traditional media -lighter television and radio users, but heavy internet users -Receptive to advertising in movie theatres, consider as part of their movie going experience Consumer Behavioral Segmentation Usage rate: 1/3 of the population attends the movies one or more times per month. WHAT? 1. What benefits that the customer seeks? – Complete movie going Experience. 2. Factors influence PVR’s demand? – Price, movie, day, time of the day, day of the week, month etc. 3. What function can the product perform for the customer? –Entertainment. 4. What are the important buying criteria? – Price, ambience, placement, quality service, premium positioning, status symbol. 5. What risks does the customer perceives – risk of being overcharged, risk of being in an emergency like fire at the theater. HOW? 1. How does customer buy the product? – Online /Telebooking / In person 2. How long does the buying process take? – Simple and prompt 3. How do the various marketing mix elements influence the customer at each stage of buying? 4. How does product fit in to their lifestyle? – Entertainment product for the premium. 5. How much would they be willing to spend? – PVR had started with tickets being priced at Rs 125 with special counters available for tickets worth Rs 7. Even when all tickets are now priced at Rs 145, there is no change in the amount of customers that PVR receives, which means that people are willing to pay. 6. How much do they buy in one transaction? – Almost always more than 1 ticket. Depends upon the person, movie playing. TARGETING PVR being the first of its kind has always been a market leader and therefore its offering to the customer is Innovative. PVR has premium pricing and they target mainly SEC A and SEC B. PVR has brought to its customers the experience of Luxury Cinema. PVR uses the concentrated method as they have target a much focused audience out of the entire masses. PVR witnessed tremendous success Europe Lounge in Delhi. PVR Cinemas has also recently introduced the concept of luxury viewing to Bangalore. Gold Class Cinemas have been introduced for the first time in India, are two ultra luxurious exclusive auditoriums, each equipped with plush and fully reclining seats and generous legroom. Patrons can also enjoy star like treatment at the exclusive Gold Class lounge which provides an excellent pre cinema experience with scrumptious food and beverages PVR Priya of PVR’s chain use Differentiation method for pricing. It practices different price slabs for different target audience. For instan ce, they have tickets ranging from Rs 45 (for the youth) to Rs 140 (for the upper-class i.e. SEC A). POSITIONING PVR had, and still has a very well planned market position. Its premium positioning affects the customers perceptual positioning. Therefore, they decided on their marketing strategy and pricing, keeping the target market in mind. In case of PVR, they make use of all their tangible elements to prove to their customers that their movie tickets are worth the price they are paying. Also, since some of the other movie theatres (which are not multiplexes) are still offering movies at rates as low as Rs 35, it is the task of its marketer to ensure that PVR comes across as a superior brand in terms of cinema viewing as well as the experience. It’s positioning is evident in its mission statement also which says† A commitment to deliver the best quality cinema viewing Everywhere, Every time.† MARKETING MIX – 7 Ps 1. SERVICE PRODUCT/ SERVICE PACKAGE A product (in the marketing context) may be tangible, intangible or both. In case of services, on the contrary, the tangible component is nil or minimal. In services, there is no or very little tangible element because of which they are considered as benefits, which are offered to the target market. First, a service is a bundle of features and secondly, there benefits and features have relevance for a specific target market. Therefore while developing a service product, it is important that the package of benefits in the service offer must have a customers perspective. 5 product levels are as follows:Core Benefit is the MOVIES that the customer comes to a cinema hall for,along with the attendant experience of PVR. The expected product in PVR’s case would be ambience, hygiene, good service, parking, candy bar etc.PVR has augmented its product offerings: * Luxury cinema PVR has brought to its customers the experience of luxury cinema.After the tremendous success of Cinema Europa in Delhi, PVR Cinemas has introduced the concept of luxury viewing to Bangalore as well. Gold Class Cinemas have been introduced for the first time in India, are two ultra luxurious exclusive auditoriums, each equipped with 32 plush and fully reclining seats and generous legroom. Patrons can also enjoy star like treatment at the exclusive Gold Class lounge which provides an excellent pre cinema experience with scrumptious food and beverages. * Bulk Bookings There are special arrangements for bulk bookings (of twenty or more tickets) done by corporates. Details can be filled online and PVR executives themselves get in touch with the concerned people. * E-booking and tele-booking PVR also provides the factility of e-booking, which was first started by PVR, it has now been copied by Satyam cineplexes as well. It also offers telebooking * Parties at PVR PVR has also started helping customers in planning birthday/kitty parties at PVR. They have made PVR a wholesome entertainment experience than just a movie watching spree. * Movie newsletter and magazine To keep its customers hooked on to movies and to PVR, it has also come out with an online newsletter called ‘PVRWire’ is directly mailed to the subscribers and can also be downloaded from their website.They have also launched a movie magazine called ‘Movies First’ . * Movie vouchers They have also taken out the unique concept of movie vouchers which people can use as gifts. Many corporates have also started using these as incentives and rewards for their employees.The vouchers are available in denominations of Rs 100 to Rs 350 and a * minimum of 25 coupons needs to be purchased to avail of the offer.The following options are available in Delhi/NCR The Delhi PVR Movie Money Voucher costs Rs 150/- and is valid right through the week across all cinemas (except PVR Gurgaon – Cinema Europa)PVR Gurgaon (Cinema Europa) PVR Movie Money Vouchers cost Rs 160/- The following options are available in BangaloreClassic Mon -Thur : Rs 100/-All Week (including Weekends) : Rs 130/-Europa Mon -Thur : Rs 130/-All Week (including Weekends) : Rs 150/-Gold Class All Week (including Weekends) : Rs 350/- + Rs150/- for food and beverages (optional) THE SERVICE PACKAGE The â€Å"package† concept of services product suggests that what you offer to the market is a bundle of different services, tangible and intangible, but there is a main or substantive or ‘core’ service and around it are built the auxiliary/peripheral/facilitator. It is important to note that facilitating services ate mandatory and if these are left out, the entire service would collapse. Yet another type called supporting services, don’t facilitate the consumption of core services but are used to increase the value and thus differentiate from the competition.Quality Assessment through RATER in case of PVR Focused on developing a procedure for quantifying customer’s service quality can be measured in following dimensions: * Reliability – Ability to perform promised service dependably and accurately. PVR is a very well established brand name, and the audience is given excellent experience of the basic product i.e. the movie as well as the other elements involved. Hence, it is very much capable of good delivery of the service it provides. There is no flaw in the quality of the service and is always delivered on time. * Assurance – Knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey truth and confidence.Since PVR is a high contact organization, the employees are well trained in all areas regarding customer interaction and courtesy. PVR movies being a service, heavily relies on its employees, as they are the only mode of direct communication made with the customers. They are well trained and are definitely able to convey the confidence that the brand name represents. * Tangibility – Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel etc PVR movies have a lot of tangible elements present like the employees (staff), the movie halls, the candy bars, rest rooms etc, all of which are highly maintained and well kept. * Empathy – Caring, individualized attention to the customer.Even though in a service like this customization is not possible, the employees of PVR Cinemas are always very helpful and provide the customers with good assistance whenever needed. From the employees made to sit at the ticket counter to the employee that guides customers to their respective seats in the cinema hall, all employees deliver a very helpful attitude towards the target audience. * Responsiveness – Willingness to help customer with prompt service.The employees of PVR are fast and prompt at delivering their service and are taught to cause as less inconvenience as possible to the customers. If a customer places an order via telebooking / online reservation etc, the delivery of the tickets is made well before the show timing at the customer’s doorstep. The employees are well trained. 2. PRICE To many customers, high price means high quality. Services pricing follows the price and practices of pricing of goods and therefore are either cost based or market based. Within these, categories of price may be profit oriented, government controlled, competition or customer oriented. But the characteristics of services do influence the pricing and therefore different methods of pricing are followed in their case. PVR when started off had a huge advantage of being the only one of its kind in Delhi to begin with. Therefore, they could charge a higher amount to its target audience, as they did not hesitate to pay the sum for the new concept. This high pricing helped them make maximum gains. Also, PVR had, and still has a very well planned market position. Its premium positioning affects the customers perceptual positioning. Therefore, they decided on their marketing strategy and pricing, keeping the target market in mind. Hence,we may say that the pricing as well pays a strategic role in their marketing plans.In case of PVR, they make use of all their tangible elements to prove to their customers that their movie tickets are worth the price they are paying. Also, since some of the other movie theatres (which are not multiplexes) are still offering movies at rates as low as Rs 35, it is the task of its marketer to ensure that PVR comes across as a superior brand in terms of cinema viewing as well as the experience. The movie theatres market is a Free Market, even though the government in the past regulated it. This allows PVR as the market leader to set its own prices. Prices that had originally started from Rs 125 (for evening shows) and Rs 90(for morning shows and weekday plans) have increased to a high of Rs 150 and the lowest is Rs 100. The high pricing however has not led to any change in the footfalls that PVR gets. Even in slighter crowded shows, the occupancy rates as low as 35% reaches PVR’s break-even points.PVR Priya has a slightly different pricing system, which varies from Rs 45 to Rs 150 for different slabs of consumers. This has been done to mainly attract the youth and to keep the concept of movie going still affordable at one of its chains.The pricing at PVR Europa is Rs 160 and a Gold Class ticket is charged at Rs. 750. It offers superior ambience, environment, seating, viewing etc in the sum. 3. PLACE / DISTRIBUTION Services are generally created and delivered to the buyer at the same time,therefore creation of time and place utilities is a vital function in services marketing. Irrespective of middlemen or direct sales channel, the factor of location keeping in view the potential markets is the most significant in channel selection and distribution.The issue of location here plays a very important role, as all PVR Cinema Halls are stationed at good locations in the city, which gathers a large number of footfalls for them every day. PVRs usually open at an eventful yet untapped location, followed by which (as we saw in case of Anupam PVR Saket) other retail chains get opened around it as well. Their places are always well situated and are well linked. PVR does not have any other channel of distribution, as their service is sold solely at their chains. They do follow any franchisee outlets, even though they indulge in ticket sales online and via telebooking. The only intermediary involved for proc uring movies are Indian as well as international movie distributors, by way of whom they acquire the movies. * Distribution of Movies The Company has also recently forayed into the Distribution of Hollywood film titles in the country through its 100% subsidiary, PVR Pictures. By virtue of its strong brand equity and partnerships with major independent Hollywood studios like Miramax, Newline Cinemas etc. that are not represented in India through their own offices, PVR has managed to procure and distribute titles in the country. With the advent of the multiplex revolution across the country, the company sees a great opportunity to fill up these upcoming multiplex screens with Hollywood titles. The has successfully distributed major Hollywood titles like Rush Hour 2 , Wedding Planner Chicago , Choclat ,Spy Kids 2 , Makdee etc. 4. PROMOTION Promotion is a very vital part of the marketing mix especially in the case of services. The customer needs to trust or have belief in the service, as he has to pay for it pre-experience. Therefore, it is very important to sell the service in the best possible way. Usually the objective of promoting a service may be to create a brand image, establish a personal relationship with the client and to create an impression of competence, honesty and sincerity to win the buyers’ confidence in sellers’ abilities to deliver the service efficiently. To promote these, the marketer generally employs indirect selling techniques, as it is usually not possible to use the conventional promotion tools like advertising. Promotion activities like community relations, event management, media blitz, corporate identity programs have relevance. 3rd parties like government, unions and interest groups are important, as they are capable of influencing market access. PVR as a brand indulges into print advertisements on every Friday giving out the latest movie schedules. Any new developments are communicated to the audience via press releases. Hence there is a strong element of PR involved. Apart from that, they usually have contests pertaining to latest festivals like Valentines Day, New Years Eve, Oscar Movies Week etc. PVR also has a host of online promotional contests associated with movies The latest one relates to the film King Kong.They are also in collaboration with cellular services like Airtel have SMSand-win contests and give out free tickets to the winners. Also, PVR attracts a lot of commercial shooting / media coverage via programmes etc which promotes it as a brand in a big way. Organizing Star Events on Premiers of movies like ‘Kuch Kuch Hota Hai’ helps PVR relate better with its target audience i.e. the youth. The whole PVR banner and its exterior environment including movie hoardings, banners etc help promote the concept of movie viewing as well as PVR as a strong and successful brand. PVR also hosts premiere shows with leading movie stars visiting the various PVR cinemas. They also host numerous fun events for children while screening animations etc.

Pride And Prejudice And Cat On A Hot Tin Roof - 2074 Words

Marriage is a consistent theme throughout the entirety of â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† and â€Å"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof†. Whilst Jane Austen uses a well- informed narrative subtly highlighting both pride and prejudice throughout the society at the time, Williams uses dialogue, ‘plastic theatre’ and stage directions that appear to be set in ‘real time’ to express themes such as love, marriage, power and respect. Despite the obvious contextual differences such as the difference in in which that the play and novel were both written and the cultural differences in marriage, I intend to look at the lack of respect in marriages between both participants in the relationship which features in both â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† and â€Å"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof† and which therefore makes Mr and Mrs Bennet and Big Daddy and Big Mama comparable. The marriages in both texts begin when Mr Bennet and Big Daddy marry women potentially for the wrong reasons: for their physical appearances. Subsequently, disdain towards both of the female characters is shown throughout, with both of the husbands failing to show respect for their wives, using humour and irony to ridicule the females intellectually and physically. This is particularly shown with Big Daddy as he outwardly insults Big Mama in front of everybody: Big Daddy: â€Å"All I ask... is that she leaves me alone†¦ she makes me sick†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The stage directions also support the failure of the marriage, where Big Daddy â€Å"regards her with†¦ annoyance†. This language is harsh andShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageschewing-sticks and for à  kà  loà ²gà ²là ¬ figures A. plant resembling aÅ‹Ä , used for its fibres B. the rope made from it wooden vessel used for carrying (usu. à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ká » ¥kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ abà ¹ke) kind of fowl which never grows to a large size but is tough (usually used for sacrifice) pus cat-like animal that sleeps by day, probably the Two-Spotted Palm Civet or genet armpit boil in armpit song; solo A. song (esp Song of Solomon) B. mourning song opening song dismissal song victory song memorial song old hymn book songs of praise new hymnRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pagesestranged from all other places in the world. The nearest train stop is Society City, and the Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is three miles away. The winters here are short and raw, the summers white with glare and fiery hot. If you walk along the main street on an August afternoon there is nothing whatsoever to do. The largest building, in the very center of the town, is boarded up completely and leans so far to the right that it seems bound to collapse at any minute

What Is Gibbs Free Energy in Chemistry

In the early days of chemistry, chemists used the term affinity to describe the force responsible for chemical reactions. In the modern era, affinity is called Gibbs free energy. Definition Gibbs free energy  is a measure of the potential for reversible or maximum work that may be done by a system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a thermodynamic property that was defined in 1876 by Josiah Willard Gibbs to predict whether a process will occur spontaneously at constant temperature and pressure. Gibbs free energy G is defined as G H - TS where H, T, and S are the enthalpy, temperature, and entropy. The SI unit for Gibbs energy is the kilojoule. Changes in the Gibbs free energy G correspond to changes in free energy for processes at constant temperature and pressure. The change in Gibbs free energy change is the maximum non-expansion work obtainable under these conditions in a closed system; ΔG is negative for spontaneous processes, positive for nonspontaneous processes, and zero for processes at equilibrium. Gibbs free energy is also known as (G), Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy, or Gibbs function. Sometimes the term free enthalpy is used to distinguish it from Helmholtz free energy. The terminology recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is Gibbs energy or Gibbs function. Positive and Negative Free Energy The sign of a Gibbs energy value may be used to determine whether or not a chemical reaction proceeds spontaneously. If the sign for ΔG is positive, additional energy must be input for the reaction to occur. If the sign for ΔG is negative, the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and will occur spontaneously. However, just because a reaction occurs spontaneously doesnt mean it occurs quickly. The formation of rust (iron oxide) from iron is spontaneous, yet occurs too slowly to observe. The reaction: C(s)diamond  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  C(s)graphite   also has a negative ΔG at  25  C and 1 atmosphere, yet diamonds do not appear to spontaneously change into graphite.

A Social Worker in Helena Montana Essay - 1743 Words

Introduction In order to be a competent social worker one must know the community that he/she is serving. There is a need for cultural competence because knowing the families and communities you are working with is more important than ever. Where we live is growing and changing everyday, which can create a challenge but also great opportunities. This paper will examine a small little town in Montana called Helena and will show how different populations can be. Community Demographics Helena Montana has a population of about 29,000 people. It lies in a beautiful valley surrounded by the Rocky Mountain Range, which is a natural boundary. Helena is the capital of Montana, so I would say it is distinct. There is no public transportation†¦show more content†¦The Montana Historical Society Museum is just a quick walk from the Capitol building. The Montana Historical Society holds a tremendous amount of Montanas memory. The society was established in 1865 and is one of the oldest in the northwest. The museum holds a number of artifacts, documentation and photography narrating a story of a small town’s past. It has six large exhibits, some which are changed out during certain events and celebrations and others that remain the same. It is a great place to go and learn about the history of Helena. The main attraction in Helena is the Cathedral of St. Helena. The Cathedral is a beautiful building and is an inspirational place to worship. The majority the Helena community is Catholic. Bishop John Carroll selected the site for the building of the Cathedral church. A man by the name of Von Herbulis was requested to be the architect. Mr. Von Herbulis was trained abroad and was chosen because of his wide knowledge of the Cathedrals of Europe. Mr. Von Herbulis’s gothic form was chosen and approved unanimously by the Building Committee and Advisory Board. (â€Å"sthelenas,† n.d.) When I think of Helena and a â€Å"reputation† I think of historic. It is known throughout the town and celebrated by all who live here. Helena is an old mining town where hundreds of gold miners came for the gold rush. There wereShow MoreRelatedJeannette Rankin3935 Words   |  16 Pagesphilosophy cannot be changed by an incident. If one hasn t any philosophy in crises, others make the decision (Lewis, 2011). This quote introduces us to the life of an amazing woman who dedicated her life to the rights of women, children, blue-collar workers, veterans and most importantly - peace. Many times in this paper, Jeanette s own quotes will serve as the voice of her moral courage. Born in an era of limited women s rights, Jeannette Rankin challenged conventional thought about the influenceRead MoreRichard Frank s Photographic Masterpiece, The Americans, By Robert Frank1142 Words   |  5 Pageschildren, waitresses and everyone in between. While in one image, the subject may be at ease, such as in the relaxing naval recruiter with his feet on his desk, the next may be of the mourning funeral attendants at St. Helena, South Carolina. From Georgia, to New York, to Montana, and beyond, the images of Frank s first section seemingly project a sense of pride, ease, and relaxation, while at the same time evoke a feeling of anger, longing, and sadness. While the opulent woman at the HollywoodRead MoreResource Library Analysis2798 Words   |  12 Pagesresources for three target populations. Many of these resources are specific to Montana, as the author plans on practicing there upon licensure. Needs of target populations This resource library is designed to meet the needs of the following populations: adults, individuals with criminal records, and military veterans. Adults today change careers for a variety of reasons. Per the U.S. Department of Labor (2016), 3.2 million workers were displaced between 2013 and 2015 from occupations they held for at leastRead MoreAmerican Holidays11778 Words   |  48 Pagesfirst day of the year, January 1st. it is a celebration of the old year and the new one to come. People make New Years Resolutions each New Years and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year. New Years Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party-goers who stay out all night and go nuts at midnight. At midnight it is a tradition to make lots of noise. The traditional New Years Ball is dropped every year in Times Square in New York City at 12 o’clock

Gene Promoter Polymorphism in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Question: General1. State the title of the article and journal source. 2. Is the title appropriate or misleading? Support your answer. 3. Are the author(s) credentials credible? Why or why not? Hypothesis4. Is the hypotheses clearly stated? Why or why not? 5. Is the study designed to address the stated hypothesis? Defend your answer. Study Design, Study Population, and Data Collection6. Based on the texts classifications of study design, how would you characterize this articles design? 7. Does the study make claims the study design cannot support? If so specify these claims. 8. What is the stated study population? Is it well defined? Is the sample size adequate? 9. Who are the study subjects? 10. What are the stated inclusion and exclusion criteria? 11. What data was collected? 12. Who collected the data? 13. Could the method of data collection affect the results and conclusions? Statistical Analysis14. Are the statistical tests appropriate for the analysis? 15. What are the strengths and limi tations of the data analysis? 16. Within the confines of the study, do the results appear accurate? Reproducible? 17. Were all the results addressed in the conclusion? What may have been overlooked? 18. Are the conclusions justified based on the analysis? Defend your answer. 19. Do the tables and figures support the conclusions? Were they clear or confusing? Why? 20. What, if any, bias may have been part of this study? Context21. Are the results clinically meaningful and statistically significant? Defend your answer. 22. If you were a lab section supervisor, would this article influence your thinking or make you consider changing the way you do things in your section? Why or why not? Answer: General 1. The title of the article is Heritability of IL-1A Gene Promoter Polymorphism in patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Trio Family Study. The source of this Journal is https://labmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/labmed/46/1/20.full.pdf 2. The title of the article is appropriate since a significant association of the IL-1A-889 functional polymorphism with Coronary Heart Disease (CAD) has been identified (Younis Javed, 2015). 3. Yes the author (s) credentials credible because this article has been written as well as published by research scholars. In addition, there are references, and the authors have written some other articles that have also been published. This article can also be found in Google Scholar along with the author name and title of the article. With the help of Google scholar, we can also know that for how many times others have cited the article (if the number of citations is high, then it is a good indication that the authors credentials are credible). An additional feature in Google scholar is the ability for linking to the profile of the author. Hypothesis 4. Yes, the hypothesis has been clearly stated subsequent to on the premise of the past perceptions, the analysts has theorized that IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism may be a hereditary element of danger for Coronary Artery Disease in a populace of high hazard. They have done an examination with respect to the appropriation of the 1L-1A-889 C/T genotypes in the patients experiencing Sporadic Coronary Artery Disease and in contrast with the sound people who were taken as a control. To the learning of the creators, it is the principal report which had shown a critical connection between IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism and coronary vein ailment. This was the principal examination for evaluating the single nucleotide polymorphism with CAD from the ethnic gathering under study. There were no reports from the populace which the outcomes can be thought about. Be that as it may, the information is bolstered with the assistance of the consequences of the past report (Mittal et al., 2014). 5. Yes, the study has been designed to address the expressed speculation as the Materials and techniques used for this study involved study subjects, biochemical examination, genotype investigations of IL-1A-889CT Polymorphism and factual investigation. There were no reports from the populace which the outcomes can be thought about. In any case, the information is bolstered with the assistance of the consequences of the past report. This is the primary report to display an important association between IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism and CAD. In our control accumulate, the repeat of having allele T at-889 was 31.6%, and this was less essential than in patients with CAD. Since this is the primary examination to assess this SNP with CAD from this ethnic social affair, there is no report from our masses with which we can take a gander at our results. Eventually, our data are reinforced by the results of a past report16 that exhibited a 29.5% repeat of the IL-1A-889T allele in strong controls from Indian people. Assortments in the minor allele repeat from strong individuals have been represented from China at 34.6%12 and among whites at 31.08%.20. The minor T allele repeat in sound subjects of our masses was dependable with various reports (Karimbux et al., 2012). Study Design, Study Population, and Data Collection 6. In light of the content's characterizations of the study plan, the article's configuration can be portrayed as in genetic examinations of cardiovascular disease, the best approach is to compare the innate assortments with clinical results and their related risk markers; this incorporates using a broad assortment of trial blueprints and logical methodology. Transmission disequilibrium examination has been used to demonstrate the relationship of a powerless allele with Distributed studies on the IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism in CAD16 have reported conflicting results, making it difficult to develop whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is an unsafe segment for CAD. 7. Yes, the study makes claim the study plan can't support. In light of past discernments, the scientists presumed that IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism might be an inherited risk variable for CAD in a high-danger masses. The scientists inspected the appointment of the 1L-1A-889 C/T genotype in patients with sporadic CAD and sound control individuals. In the wake of finding an imperative relationship of minor allele T at IL-1A-889 with CAD, they extended the examination to research transmission of the allele from the gatekeepers to affected successors (those with a familyy history of CAD) using the TDT procedure. This family-based alliance examination of IL-1A polymorphism with CAD is a novel approach to manage cognizance the inherited reason of CAD. For biochemical examination, serum was acquired by centrifugation of blood cases resulting to coagulating. For genetic examination, they accumulated blood case in ethylenediaminetetraacetic corrosive. Genomic DNA was isolated by method for the phenol-chloroform technique (Haroon, Hussain Javed, 2015). 8. The analysts examined 335 patients and 335 strong individuals for case-control relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with CAD. The patients and controls chose in this study had a mean (SD) age of 49.9 (12.4) years, and 51.2 (9.8) years, independently. After a clinical history was obtained, subjects encountered a physical examination, a 12-lead electrocardiogram, besides, angiography. Two cardiologists inspected the electrocardiogram and coronary angiogram results. Patients with unstable angina, palpitations, and a foundation set apart by past myocardial confined corruption were fused into this study. We described CAD as angiographic evidence of no under 1 area of a significant coronary conductor with more than half stenosis for the thought of patients.17 Healthy controls were browsed inhabitants of the same geographical reach who had a customary electrocardiogram, ordinary angiography results, and no history or reactions of cardiovascular contamination (Haroon, Hussain Javed , 2015). 9. In this article, the study subjects are 670 people, out of which 335 were patients and the staying 335 were sound people for case-control relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease. In this study, the selected patients had a mean (SD) age of 49.9 years and the controls had a mean age of 51.2 years. The study tradition held quick to the essentials of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 as rethought in 1997 and was examined and attested by the Institutional Review Board, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad. All individuals denoted a formed consent structure. 10. The IL-1 promoter polymorphism at position - 889 was identified by the polymerase chain reactionrestriction part length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The pertinent promoter district of IL-1A was opened up utilizing the forward groundwork 5'- in an aggregate response volume of 50 L, with 40 ng to 60 ng for every L of DNA. The PCR conditions are depicted elsewhere.18 for confinement absorption, an aliquot of PCR items was hatched with NcoI limitation enzyme.6 Digested products were isolated on 4% agarose gel and recolored with 10 mg/mL ethidium bromide before representation under bright light. Transmission disequilibrium examination has been used to demonstrate the relationship of a powerless allele with CAD in watchmen children trio analysis.6-7 The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is a significant authentic gadget that can recognize linkage between a marker allele and an issue vulnerable locus. 11. The patients and the controls were explored for case-control relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease. After getting their clinical history, the subjects experienced a physical examination, coronary angiography and 12-lead electros. The information which was gathered incorporates the accompanying: The patients and the controls were explored for case-control relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease. After getting their clinical history, the subjects experienced a physical examination, coronary angiography and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Lipid biomarkers were measured by method for the Vitalab Selectra E science analyzer as High-affectability C-responsive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured by method for Tina-quant C-open protein (latex) high sensitive inspect using the Roche/Hitachi-904 science analyzer (F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) according to the maker's tradition. A wealth of a particular allele t ransmitted from heterozygous watchmen to affected family was considered Confirmation of a relationship amongst infirmity and that allele. Our examinations were kept to trios in which both watchmen were composed. Right when both watchmen and their successors were heterozygous, the trios were precluded from the transmission-disequilibrium examination. Lipid biomarkers were measured by method for the Vitalab Selectra E science analyzer as High-affectability C-responsive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured by method for Tina-quant C-open protein (latex) high unstable look at using the Roche/Hitachi-904 science analyzer (F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) according to the maker's tradition. 12. The collection of data has been finished by two cardiologists who analyzed the electrocardiogram and coronary angiogram results. Patients with unsteady angina, palpitations, and a past loaded with past myocardial dead tissue were fused into this study. They described CAD as angiographic evidence of no less than 1 part of a vital coronary supply course with more than half stenosis for the fuse of patients.17 Healthy controls were browsed tenants of the same area locale who had a normal electrocardiogram, run of the mill angiography results, and no history or signs of cardiovascular disorder. TDT was associated with 130 trio families to review transmission of the hazardous allele to inclined posterity. Conveyed contemplates on the IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism in CAD16 have reported conflicting results, making it difficult to develop whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a hazardous part for CAD. 13. Yes the technique for information accumulation influences the outcomes and results as the confirmation has shown that innately chose subsets of the masses may have changed extraordinary stage responses, as reflected by a basic association of genetic assortments in IL-1 qualities with extended levels of hs-CRP21,24 and IL-6.10 Our data prescribe that IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis by propelling exacerbation, as demonstrate by high hs-CRP levels in patients with CAD who harbor a mutant genotype. We moreover watched that the IL-1A variety genotype was associated with extended centralizations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and low levels of HDL in patients with CAD. The effect of the variety genotype of IL-1A quality on meetings of lipids in patients with CAD stays to be determined evidently in other ethnic peoples. Statistical Analysis 14. Yes, the statistical tests are fitting for the investigation on the grounds that from the measurable examination, the fundamental attributes and clinical parameters of the populace under study as mean from the mean has been displayed. The nonstop assessment of variables using the genotype frequencies and Mann-Whitney test between the patients and the control bunch has been has been performed by method for Chi-square test. By using the Fischer precise test the frequencies of the alleles has been figured. For deciding the relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with CAD, TDT was used. TDT is the most able test to perceive the alleles that present genotype-related risk in complex diseases. This technique is much closer to epidemiological facilitated case-control examination, in which the investigators arrange the transmission of an allele from heterozygous gatekeepers to impacted children with the allele not transmitted from the same guardians. 15. The strengths and limitations of the data analysis are as follows: TDT is the most skilled test to perceive the alleles that give genotype-related threat in complex contaminations. This procedure is much closer to epidemiological facilitated case-control examination, in which the researchers arrange the transmission of an allele from heterozygous gatekeepers to impacted family with the allele not transmitted from the same parents. It is seen as that TDT is a useful quantifiable test that can recognize linkage of a marker allele with the infirmity despite when haplotype-sharing tests are questionable. In the second time of this concentrate, shockingly, we have investigated the transmission of helpless allele at - 889 from watchmen to affected family. We watched verification for uncommon transmission of the IL-1A minor allele at - 889 to impacted descendants with à ¡Ã‚ µÃ‚ ¡2TDT = 17.88 and P T polymorphism with CAD, in light of case-control study and TDT results. The trio familybased relationship of the IL-1A variety allele with CAD is dependable wi th the revelations of familial relationship of the peril alleles in resistin (RETN) 6 and the lymphotoxin-alpha gene. 16. Yes, inside the confines of the study, the results seem accurate in light of the fact that since this is the principle examination to study this SNP with CAD from this ethnic social occasion, there is no report from our masses with which we can consider our results. Regardless, our data are maintained by the results of a past report16 that exhibited a 29.5% repeat of the IL-1A-889T allele in strong controls from Indian people. Assortments in the minor allele repeat from strong individuals have been represented from China at 34.6%12 and among whites at 31.08%. The minor T allele repeat in sound subjects of our masses was dependable with various reports. 17. Yes, every one of the results was addressed in the conclusion and a reasonable show in regards to the relationship of IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism with Coronary corridor illness. IL-1A adds to atherosclerosis through a provocative framework, and this pathogenic part could be endorsed in vascular diseases for instance, CAD Therefore, it is imperative to guide further studies from different peoples to attest the noteworthiness of IL-1A-889C/T to CAD. In the present concentrate, in this way, we attempted the hypothesis that this potential SNP in the IL-1A quality gives risk for CAD in a high-risk Pakistani people Distributed studies on the IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism in CAD have reported conflicting results, making it difficult to set up whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a self-sufficient peril variable for CAD. 18. The conclusions are justified in view of the investigation as coronary supply route sickness has a relationship with immune dysregulation and hereditary disposition. As indicated by the consequences of this article, it has been recognized that family history is a noteworthy determinant of coronary vein sickness. Computer aided design is associated with innate slant and immune dysregulation. Family history has been recognized as genuine determinants of CAD. The potential piece of IL-1A assortments in the pathogenesis of CAD is not totally got on. The single base overwhelms of IL-1A at - 889 C/T in familial CAD has not been investigated. In this study, we viewed a basic relationship of the IL-1A promoter polymorphism at - 899 with CAD. The variety allele T at - 889 was in a general sense associated with CAD. The same IL-1A-889T allele has as of now been associated with cardiovascular sicknesses, for instance, cerebral infarction14-15 and stroke (Karimbux et al., 2012). 19. Yes, the tables and figures support the conclusions as in table one (1), the fundamental and clinical qualities of patients with Coronary Artery Disease and control subjects were broke down on the parameters, for example, Age, sex, Body mass file, systolic pulse, diastolic circulatory strain, smoking propensities, Triglyceride mean, cholesterol mean, LDL, HDL. An examination was made between the patients and controls and the pValue have been gotten. Though in table 2, Genotype and Allele frequencies of the IL-1A-889T Polymorphism in all subjects i.e. the patients and the controls were measured by method for factual qualities. In table 3, IL-1A-889CT Genotype-Wise Clinical Characteristics of patients with Coronary supply route illness has been measured on the premise of parameters, for example, Diastolic pulse (DBP), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Triglyceride, cholesterol High-thickness lipoprotein (HDL), Low thickness protein (LDL), high-delicate C-responsive protein (hsCRP). In the fourth table, the transmitted and non-transmitted allele has been measured by method for McNemar test. 20. Assortments in the minor allele repeat from solid individuals have been represented from China at 34.6%12 and among whites at 31.08%. The minor T allele repeat in sound subjects of our masses was relentless with various reports. Our revelations exhibit a paramount difference in the IL-1A-889 C/T genotype scattering between patients with CAD and strong controls. An extended peril for CAD in subjects with CT+TT may exist differentiated and transporters of the wild genotype CC (P = .007). In this study, the T allele was more general (40.0%). Be that as it may, IL-1A adds to atherosclerosis through a provocative component, and this pathogenic part could be approved in vascular diseases, for example, CAD.11,19 Therefore, it is vital to lead further studies from various populaces to affirm the pertinence of IL-1A-889C/T to CAD. In the present concentrate, in this manner, we tried the theory that this potential SNP in the IL-1A quality gives hazard for CAD in a Pakistani populace. Context 21. Yes, the results are clinically meaningful and statistically significant as the clinical variables were broadly diverse between the patients with coronary supply route ailment and the controls. The clinical variables are altogether distinctive in the patients contrasted with the controls with deference with diastolic pulse, systolic circulatory strain, Triglycerides, cholesterol, high-thickness lipoprotein, low-thickness lipoprotein, and high-delicate C-receptive protein (hs-CRP) (Mittal et al., 2014). 22. If I were a lab section supervisor, this article would have influenced my thinking or making me consider changing the way I do things in my section involves the methods which have been used in this research article, these methods have an overall impact in revealing the results of the research which have been discussed in this article. Concluding thoughts This article has helped in knowing the significant association of the IL-1A-889 functional polymorphism with Coronary Heart Disease (CAD). The statistical tests are fitting for the investigation on the grounds that from the measurable examination, the fundamental attributes and clinical parameters of the populace under study as mean from the mean has been displayed. Reference Haroon, J., Hussain, S., Javed, Q. (2015). Heritability of IL-1A Gene Promoter Polymorphism in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Trio-Family Study.Laboratory medicine,46(1), 20-25. Karimbux, N. Y., Saraiya, V. M., Elangovan, S., Allareddy, V., Kinnunen, T., Kornman, K. S., Duff, G. W. (2012). Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in adult whites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of periodontology,83(11), 1407-1419. Mittal, B., Mishra, A., Srivastava, A., Kumar, S., Garg, N. (2014). Matrix metalloproteinases in coronary artery disease.Adv Clin Chem,64, 1-72. Younis, S., Javed, Q. (2015). The interleukin-6 and interleukin-1A gene promoter polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.Archives of dermatological research,307(4), 365-370.

Examples of Performing Arts Essay Example For Students

Examples of Performing Arts Essay Two-dimensional art -Also called the graphic arts -Plat and has two dimension: height/ width Examples: Drawing, painting, engraving, lithography, silkscreen, commercial art, photography Three-dimensional arts -also called as plastic arts Heightened/thickness Examples: Architecture, landscape architecture, city planning, interior design, sculpture, crafts, industrial design, dress and costume design, theater design Lines and their elements Lines is the simplest most primitive, and most universal means for creating visual works. They may be brood, faint and hardly seen, ragged or clear and distinct Kinds of lines Straight Line Horizontal line of rest, quietness, relaxation and contemplation. Also suggest infinity. Vertical- line Of potential action though it is not acting dynamic and forceful, suggestive of authority, dignity, majesty and balance Diagonal- line of action, the degree of action is determined by its angle Curved Line- show action, life and energy Quick Curve or small arc of circle is exuberant Slow curve or the arc of large circles suggest daintiness and grace A double curve that turns back on itself is an S shape Space -? Architecture is primarily an art of space and other art exist in space while n painting the most obvious technique in creating space are the various types of perspective Perspective is a technique for creating space. This is technical means by which we perceive distance in painting. Examples: Linear, foreshortening aerial perspective Texture- has to do with the perception touch. It is the element that appeals to our sense Of feel Of things Rough, smooth, bumpy or slippery Value lightness and darkness ; Light given to the painting Volume it is the quality of an object which enables us to know that it has thickness length and breadth Two ways to perceive volume Contour lines that outlines or shapes objects o Lights and shadows Paintings can suggest volume through the shadows and contour lines painted in and do not change In sculpture, outline and shadows change when the viewer changes position Color is one element inherent in any object of reality. Color can express moods and suggest impression ; Three attributes of color o Hue is the quality of color which distinguishes it from one color to another ; 3 Primary Hues- red, blue, yellow ; Secondary hues- green, orange, purple o Tint- can be achieved by mixing hue with white Shade- can be achieved by mixing black to a particular hue Color Harmonies o Adjacent or analogous: green, yellow green, yellow o Complementary- any colors opposite each other: Red and Green o Split Complementary- hues opposite on each side Of its compliment: Green, red violet and red orange o Monochromatic- uses one hue but of different value o Accented neutral any neutral color paired with any color in the color wheel: white and green Organization.